Plastic Tax: Spain

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last updated on 21 July 2023

 

1. Implementation of plastic/environmental tax

Local status of the implementation of plastic tax

The Law 7/2022 of 8 April 2022 on waste and contaminated soils for a circular economy has introduced the special tax on non-reusable plastic packaging, which was entered into force on 1 January 2023.
 

Current situation

The law is implemented with effect from 1 January 2023. 
 

Legal basis 

The Law 7/2022 of 8 April 2022 on waste and contaminated soils for a circular economy includes the tax, among other measures to reduce waste and the contamination of soils.
 

Form of taxation

The taxable event is made up of three distinct types of act:
  • Manufacture 
  • Import
  • Intra-Community acquisition
 
of packaging in accordance with the definition given in the law.  
 

Plastic tax or levy?

It is a tax.
 

2. Plastic/Environmental Tax scope and rates

Person liable to pay the tax

The manufacturers, importers and the entrepreneurs which perform intracommunity acquisitions.
 

Tax base

The tax rate is EUR 0.45 per kilo.  
 

Product scope 

For the purposes of this tax, the following are considered to be packaging, and therefore within
the scope of the tax: Non-reusable packaging containing plastic.
 
For these purposes, all articles designed to contain, protect, handle, distribute and present
goods are considered to be packaging, as well as any other article which, not falling within this
definition, is intended to fulfil the same functions and which may be used in the same terms,
unless said articles form an integral part of a product and are necessary to contain, support or
preserve said product throughout its useful life and all its elements are intended to be used,
consumed or disposed of together.
 
Packaging is considered to be non-reusable when it has not been conceived, designed and placed on the market for multiple circuits or rotations throughout its life cycle, or to be refilled or reused for the same purpose for which it was designed:
  • Semi-processed plastic products intended for the production of packaging, such as thermoplastic preforms or sheets.
  • Products containing plastics intended to enable the closure, marketing or presentation of non-reusable packaging.
 

Time of taxation

For the purposes of this tax, the following are considered to be packaging, and therefore within
the scope of the tax.
 

Impacts and consequences (for entrepreneur and/or private individuals)

From the perspective of the entrepreneurs, an increase in the compliance duties.
For the final consumers, it is expected an increase on the prize of such products, which should encourage the reduction of the consumption of these types of products.
Such effect should make that both, entrepreneur and individuals, reduce the sale and purchase of these products, making that the entrepreneurs reduce this type of plastic packing subject to the tax.
 

Exemption/exclusion from taxation

Exclusions

The cases of non-taxation refer to the manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of products subject to the tax and take into consideration the characteristics of the product or its destination. Specifically, the following are cases of non-taxation:

  • The manufacture of products subject to the tax when they are destroyed or rendered unsuitable for use prior to the taxable event.
  • The manufacture of products subject to the tax when they are intended to be sent directly outside Spanish territory by the manufacturer or by a third party in his name or on his behalf.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of paints, inks, lacquers and adhesives designed to be incorporated into the products covered.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of non-reusable packaging containing plastic when it is not designed to be delivered together with the goods.
 
Exemptions
The cases of exemption refer to the manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of products subject to the tax and take into consideration the characteristics of the product, the quantity or its destination. Specifically, the following are exemptions:
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of non-reusable packaging containing plastic when it is intended for use in medicines, medical devices, foodstuffs for special medical purposes, infant formulae for hospital use or hazardous waste of medical origin.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of semi-finished plastic products when they are intended to be used as packaging for medicinal products, medical devices, foodstuffs for special medical purposes, infant formulae for hospital use or hazardous waste of medical origin.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of products containing plastic when they are intended to enable the closure, marketing or presentation of single-use packaging for medicines, medical devices, foodstuffs for special medical purposes, infant formula for hospital use or hazardous waste of medical origin. 
 
In these three cases of exemption, if the products are delivered or made available, the destination is certified by the purchaser's prior declaration to that effect. If this is not the destination, the purchaser who unduly benefits from the exemption commits a serious specific tax infringement punishable by a proportional fine of 150 Percent of the tax not paid and a minimum amount of EUR 1,000.
 
In addition, the following are cases of exemption:
  • The import or intra-Community acquisition of non-reusable packaging containing plastic when it is introduced into Spanish territory for use in medicines, medical devices, foodstuffs for special medical uses, infant formula for hospital use or hazardous waste of medical origin.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of plastic rolls used in bales or bales for silage of fodder or cereals for agricultural or livestock use.
  • The intra-Community acquisition of products subject to the tax when, prior to the deadline for filing the corresponding self-assessment, they are intended to be sent directly out of Spanish territory by the intra-Community acquirer or by a third party in his name or on his behalf.
  • The intra-Community acquisition of products subject to the tax when they are destroyed or rendered unsuitable for use before the end of the deadline for filing the corresponding self-assessment.
  • The import or intra-Community acquisition of non-reusable packaging when the total weight of non-recycled plastic contained therein does not exceed 5 kilograms in one month. In the case of import, the SAD must indicate that this exemption applies.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of semi-finished plastic products when they are not intended to obtain non-reusable packaging containing plastic.
  • The manufacture, import or intra-Community acquisition of products containing plastic when they are not intended to enable the closure, marketing or presentation of non-reusable packaging containing plastic.
 
In these last two cases of exemption, if the products are delivered or made available, the destination will be accredited by means of a prior declaration by the purchaser stating this. If this is not the destination, the purchaser who unduly benefits from the exemption commits a serious specific tax infringement punishable by a proportional pecuniary fine of 150 Percent of the tax not paid and a minimum amount of EUR 1,000.

Time of taxation

  • Manufacture: the taxable event shall occur when the tax is first supplied or made available to the acquirer.
  • Import: the taxable event shall occur at the time when the taxable event for import duties occurred, in accordance with the customs legislation
  • Intra-Community acquisition: when the taxable event for VAT purposes takes place
 

Sanctions for violations

Besides the general penalties for late payment and submission of the returns, there are specific penalties for certain obligations included in the tax:
  • Failure to register in the Territorial Register of the tax on non-reusable plastic packaging: EUR 1,000 
  • Failure to appoint a representative by taxpayers not established in that territory: EUR 1,000 
  • False or incorrect certification by the duly accredited entity of the amount of recycled plastic, expressed in kilograms, contained in the products that form part of the target scope of the tax: a proportional financial of 50 Percent of the amount of the tax payments that may have not been paid, with a minimum amount of EUR 1,000. The penalty shall be increased by 25 Percent if there is repeated commission of tax offences. This circumstance shall be assessed when the offender, within the two years prior to the commission of the new offence, has been sanctioned by a final administrative decision for the same conduct.
  • Undue use by the purchasers of the products that form part of the target scope of the tax of the exemptions set out in Article 75.a) and g) because the actual destination of the products is not the one stated in those letters: with a proportional penalty of 150 Percent of the tax benefit unduly enjoyed, with a minimum amount of EUR 1,000.
  • Incorrect entry on the invoice or certificate of the data referred to in Article 82.9: EUR 75 for each invoice or certificate issued with the incorrect entry of the data referred to the article.
 
Deadlines 
Registration in the special register of taxpayers of this tax: until 30th January 2023. For new taxpayers, before the beginning of the activity.
 
The returns for the manufacture and intracommunity acquisitions must be submitted, in general, a quarterly basis. Entrepreneurs who submit its VAT returns in a monthly basis, must submit the returns in a monthly basis as well.
 
The terms for presentation have not been approved yet. 

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